![]() ![]() Common chief complaints include painful contractions, vaginal bleeding/bloody show, and fluid leakage from the vagina. Women will often self-present to obstetrical triage with concern for the onset of labor. Initial Evaluation and Presentation of Labor Medical professionals use the information they obtain from monitoring and cervical exams to determine the patient's stage of labor and monitor labor progression. Cardiotocography is used to monitor the frequency and adequacy of contractions. ![]() Fetal heart monitoring is employed nearly continuously to assess fetal well-being throughout labor. Serial cervical examinations are used to determine cervical dilation, effacement, and fetal position, also known as the station. Clinicians typically use multiple modalities to monitor labor. ![]() This triad is classically referred to as the passenger, power, and passage. Successful labor involves three factors: maternal efforts and uterine contractions, fetal characteristics, and pelvic anatomy. The first stage is further divided into two phases. Labor is the process through which a fetus and placenta are delivered from the uterus through the vagina. ![]()
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